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SubjectRe: [PATCH v2 3/4] arch/x86: Optionally flush L1D on context switch
On Mon, Apr 06, 2020 at 01:19:45PM +1000, Balbir Singh wrote:
> Implement a mechanism to selectively flush the L1D cache. The goal is to
> allow tasks that are paranoid due to the recent snoop assisted data sampling
> vulnerabilites, to flush their L1D on being switched out. This protects
> their data from being snooped or leaked via side channels after the task
> has context switched out.
>
> There are two scenarios we might want to protect against, a task leaving
> the CPU with data still in L1D (which is the main concern of this patch),
> the second scenario is a malicious task coming in (not so well trusted)
> for which we want to clean up the cache before it starts. Only the case
> for the former is addressed.
>
> Add arch specific prctl()'s to opt-in to the L1D cache on context switch
> out, the existing mechanisms of tracking prev_mm via cpu_tlbstate is
> reused. cond_ibpb() is refactored and renamed into cond_mitigation().

I still think this should be a generic prctl(). If there is a strong
reason not to do this, can it be described in the commit log here?

-Kees

>
> A new thread_info flag TIF_SPEC_FLUSH_L1D is added to track tasks which
> opt-into L1D flushing. cpu_tlbstate.last_user_mm_ibpb is renamed to
> cpu_tlbstate.last_user_mm_spec, this is used to convert the TIF flags
> into mm state (per cpu via last_user_mm_spec) in cond_mitigation(),
> which then used to do decide when to call flush_l1d().
>
> The current version benefited from discussions with Kees and Thomas.
> Thomas suggested and provided the code snippet for refactoring the
> existing cond_ibpb() code.
>
> Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <sblbir@amazon.com>
> ---
> arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h | 6 +-
> arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h | 2 +-
> arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/prctl.h | 3 +
> arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c | 10 +++-
> arch/x86/mm/tlb.c | 94 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------
> 5 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
> index 8de8ceccb8bc..5cb250872643 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h
> @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ struct thread_info {
> #define TIF_SYSCALL_AUDIT 7 /* syscall auditing active */
> #define TIF_SECCOMP 8 /* secure computing */
> #define TIF_SPEC_IB 9 /* Indirect branch speculation mitigation */
> -#define TIF_SPEC_FORCE_UPDATE 10 /* Force speculation MSR update in context switch */
> +#define TIF_SPEC_FLUSH_L1D 10 /* Flush L1D on mm switches (processes) */
> #define TIF_USER_RETURN_NOTIFY 11 /* notify kernel of userspace return */
> #define TIF_UPROBE 12 /* breakpointed or singlestepping */
> #define TIF_PATCH_PENDING 13 /* pending live patching update */
> @@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ struct thread_info {
> #define TIF_MEMDIE 20 /* is terminating due to OOM killer */
> #define TIF_POLLING_NRFLAG 21 /* idle is polling for TIF_NEED_RESCHED */
> #define TIF_IO_BITMAP 22 /* uses I/O bitmap */
> +#define TIF_SPEC_FORCE_UPDATE 23 /* Force speculation MSR update in context switch */
> #define TIF_FORCED_TF 24 /* true if TF in eflags artificially */
> #define TIF_BLOCKSTEP 25 /* set when we want DEBUGCTLMSR_BTF */
> #define TIF_LAZY_MMU_UPDATES 27 /* task is updating the mmu lazily */
> @@ -132,6 +133,7 @@ struct thread_info {
> #define _TIF_ADDR32 (1 << TIF_ADDR32)
> #define _TIF_X32 (1 << TIF_X32)
> #define _TIF_FSCHECK (1 << TIF_FSCHECK)
> +#define _TIF_SPEC_FLUSH_L1D (1 << TIF_SPEC_FLUSH_L1D)
>
> /* Work to do before invoking the actual syscall. */
> #define _TIF_WORK_SYSCALL_ENTRY \
> @@ -239,6 +241,8 @@ extern void arch_task_cache_init(void);
> extern int arch_dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *dst, struct task_struct *src);
> extern void arch_release_task_struct(struct task_struct *tsk);
> extern void arch_setup_new_exec(void);
> +extern int enable_l1d_flush_for_task(struct task_struct *tsk);
> +extern int disable_l1d_flush_for_task(struct task_struct *tsk);
> #define arch_setup_new_exec arch_setup_new_exec
> #endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h
> index 6f66d841262d..69e6ea20679c 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h
> @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ struct tlb_state {
> /* Last user mm for optimizing IBPB */
> union {
> struct mm_struct *last_user_mm;
> - unsigned long last_user_mm_ibpb;
> + unsigned long last_user_mm_spec;
> };
>
> u16 loaded_mm_asid;
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/prctl.h b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/prctl.h
> index 5a6aac9fa41f..1361e5e25791 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/prctl.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/prctl.h
> @@ -14,4 +14,7 @@
> #define ARCH_MAP_VDSO_32 0x2002
> #define ARCH_MAP_VDSO_64 0x2003
>
> +#define ARCH_SET_L1D_FLUSH 0x3001
> +#define ARCH_GET_L1D_FLUSH 0x3002
> +
> #endif /* _ASM_X86_PRCTL_H */
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
> index 5ef9d8f25b0e..ecf542f13572 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
> @@ -699,7 +699,15 @@ long do_arch_prctl_64(struct task_struct *task, int option, unsigned long arg2)
> case ARCH_MAP_VDSO_64:
> return prctl_map_vdso(&vdso_image_64, arg2);
> #endif
> -
> + case ARCH_GET_L1D_FLUSH:
> + return test_ti_thread_flag(&task->thread_info, TIF_SPEC_FLUSH_L1D);
> + case ARCH_SET_L1D_FLUSH: {
> + if (arg2 >= 1)
> + return enable_l1d_flush_for_task(task);
> + else
> + return disable_l1d_flush_for_task(task);
> + break;
> + }
> default:
> ret = -EINVAL;
> break;
> diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/tlb.c b/arch/x86/mm/tlb.c
> index 66f96f21a7b6..71ef9fb941b8 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/mm/tlb.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/mm/tlb.c
> @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
> #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
> #include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
> #include <asm/cache.h>
> +#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
> #include <asm/apic.h>
> #include <asm/uv/uv.h>
>
> @@ -33,10 +34,12 @@
> */
>
> /*
> - * Use bit 0 to mangle the TIF_SPEC_IB state into the mm pointer which is
> - * stored in cpu_tlb_state.last_user_mm_ibpb.
> + * Bits to mangle the TIF_SPEC_* state into the mm pointer which is
> + * stored in cpu_tlb_state.last_user_mm_spec.
> */
> #define LAST_USER_MM_IBPB 0x1UL
> +#define LAST_USER_MM_FLUSH_L1D 0x2UL
> +#define LAST_USER_MM_SPEC_MASK (LAST_USER_MM_IBPB | LAST_USER_MM_FLUSH_L1D)
>
> /*
> * We get here when we do something requiring a TLB invalidation
> @@ -151,6 +154,52 @@ void leave_mm(int cpu)
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(leave_mm);
>
> +static void *l1d_flush_pages;
> +static DEFINE_MUTEX(l1d_flush_mutex);
> +
> +int enable_l1d_flush_for_task(struct task_struct *tsk)
> +{
> + struct page *page;
> + int ret = 0;
> +
> + if (static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_FLUSH_L1D))
> + goto done;
> +
> + page = READ_ONCE(l1d_flush_pages);
> + if (unlikely(!page)) {
> + mutex_lock(&l1d_flush_mutex);
> + if (!l1d_flush_pages) {
> + l1d_flush_pages = alloc_l1d_flush_pages();
> + if (!l1d_flush_pages) {
> + mutex_unlock(&l1d_flush_mutex);
> + return -ENOMEM;
> + }
> + }
> + mutex_unlock(&l1d_flush_mutex);
> + }
> + /* I don't think we need to worry about KSM */
> +done:
> + set_ti_thread_flag(&tsk->thread_info, TIF_SPEC_FLUSH_L1D);
> + return ret;
> +}
> +
> +int disable_l1d_flush_for_task(struct task_struct *tsk)
> +{
> + clear_ti_thread_flag(&tsk->thread_info, TIF_SPEC_FLUSH_L1D);
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Flush the L1D cache for this CPU. We want to this at switch mm time,
> + * this is a pessimistic security measure and an opt-in for those tasks
> + * that host sensitive information.
> + */
> +static void flush_l1d(void)
> +{
> + if (!flush_l1d_cache_hw())
> + flush_l1d_cache_sw(l1d_flush_pages);
> +}
> +
> void switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next,
> struct task_struct *tsk)
> {
> @@ -189,19 +238,26 @@ static void sync_current_stack_to_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
> }
> }
>
> -static inline unsigned long mm_mangle_tif_spec_ib(struct task_struct *next)
> +static inline unsigned long mm_mangle_tif_spec_bits(struct task_struct *next)
> {
> unsigned long next_tif = task_thread_info(next)->flags;
> - unsigned long ibpb = (next_tif >> TIF_SPEC_IB) & LAST_USER_MM_IBPB;
> + unsigned long spec_bits = (next_tif >> TIF_SPEC_IB) & LAST_USER_MM_SPEC_MASK;
> +
> + BUILD_BUG_ON(TIF_SPEC_FLUSH_L1D != TIF_SPEC_IB + 1);
>
> - return (unsigned long)next->mm | ibpb;
> + return (unsigned long)next->mm | spec_bits;
> }
>
> -static void cond_ibpb(struct task_struct *next)
> +static void cond_mitigation(struct task_struct *next)
> {
> + unsigned long prev_mm, next_mm;
> +
> if (!next || !next->mm)
> return;
>
> + next_mm = mm_mangle_tif_spec_bits(next);
> + prev_mm = this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.last_user_mm_spec);
> +
> /*
> * Both, the conditional and the always IBPB mode use the mm
> * pointer to avoid the IBPB when switching between tasks of the
> @@ -212,8 +268,6 @@ static void cond_ibpb(struct task_struct *next)
> * exposed data is not really interesting.
> */
> if (static_branch_likely(&switch_mm_cond_ibpb)) {
> - unsigned long prev_mm, next_mm;
> -
> /*
> * This is a bit more complex than the always mode because
> * it has to handle two cases:
> @@ -243,20 +297,14 @@ static void cond_ibpb(struct task_struct *next)
> * Optimize this with reasonably small overhead for the
> * above cases. Mangle the TIF_SPEC_IB bit into the mm
> * pointer of the incoming task which is stored in
> - * cpu_tlbstate.last_user_mm_ibpb for comparison.
> - */
> - next_mm = mm_mangle_tif_spec_ib(next);
> - prev_mm = this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.last_user_mm_ibpb);
> -
> - /*
> + * cpu_tlbstate.last_user_mm_spec for comparison.
> + *
> * Issue IBPB only if the mm's are different and one or
> * both have the IBPB bit set.
> */
> if (next_mm != prev_mm &&
> (next_mm | prev_mm) & LAST_USER_MM_IBPB)
> indirect_branch_prediction_barrier();
> -
> - this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.last_user_mm_ibpb, next_mm);
> }
>
> if (static_branch_unlikely(&switch_mm_always_ibpb)) {
> @@ -265,11 +313,15 @@ static void cond_ibpb(struct task_struct *next)
> * different context than the user space task which ran
> * last on this CPU.
> */
> - if (this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.last_user_mm) != next->mm) {
> + if ((prev_mm & ~LAST_USER_MM_SPEC_MASK) !=
> + (unsigned long)next->mm)
> indirect_branch_prediction_barrier();
> - this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.last_user_mm, next->mm);
> - }
> }
> +
> + if (prev_mm & LAST_USER_MM_FLUSH_L1D)
> + flush_l1d();
> +
> + this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.last_user_mm_spec, next_mm);
> }
>
> void switch_mm_irqs_off(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next,
> @@ -375,7 +427,7 @@ void switch_mm_irqs_off(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next,
> * predictor when switching between processes. This stops
> * one process from doing Spectre-v2 attacks on another.
> */
> - cond_ibpb(tsk);
> + cond_mitigation(tsk);
>
> if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VMAP_STACK)) {
> /*
> @@ -501,7 +553,7 @@ void initialize_tlbstate_and_flush(void)
> write_cr3(build_cr3(mm->pgd, 0));
>
> /* Reinitialize tlbstate. */
> - this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.last_user_mm_ibpb, LAST_USER_MM_IBPB);
> + this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.last_user_mm_spec, LAST_USER_MM_IBPB);
> this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.loaded_mm_asid, 0);
> this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.next_asid, 1);
> this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.ctxs[0].ctx_id, mm->context.ctx_id);
> --
> 2.17.1
>

--
Kees Cook

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