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SubjectRe: [PATCH 3/3] kernel/workqueue: Suppress a false positive lockdep complaint
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Date
On Thu, 2018-10-25 at 10:11 -0700, Bart Van Assche wrote:
> On Thu, 2018-10-25 at 19:02 +0200, Johannes Berg wrote:
> > On Thu, 2018-10-25 at 15:05 +0000, Bart Van Assche wrote:
> > > It can happen that the direct I/O queue creates and destroys an empty
> > > workqueue from inside a work function.
> >
> > So, thinking about this more, can you guarantee (somehow) that the
> > workqueue is empty at this point?
>
> In general, no. But for the direct I/O case this can be guaranteed. Please
> have a look at the code in sb_init_dio_done_wq() if you would not yet have
> done this.

Indeed, obviously.

> > Do you know how to reproduce this?
>
> The lockdep complaint in the patch description is easy to reproduce. The
> way I reproduce it is as follows:
>
> git clone https://github.com/osandov/blktests
> (cd blktests && ./check -q nvmeof-mp)

I'm a bit scared by this, looks like that needs a lot of prerequisites?
I'll try it in a VM when it's done compiling with nvme.


Looking at the splat in more detail, I think we have the following:

__generic_file_fsync() takes i_mutex_key#14

__generic_file_fsync() this is called from dio_aio_complete_work()

dio_aio_complete_work() generally runs on the dio/%s workqueue



Lockdep also sees:

ext4_file_write_iter() takes i_mutex_key#14

depending on circumstances, it can then call do_blockdev_direct_IO(),
which needs to ensure the WQ exists for this SB, so it calls
sb_init_dio_done_wq() to allocate the dio/%s workqueue.



Since lockdep neither knows that the instance of the workqueue that was
executing dio_aio_complete_work() must be different from the instance
that's freed, it complains because this creates a circle of
dependencies.

Still, basically what I tried to say before - rather than track whether
a workqueue was ever used, which is error-prone since in other cases in
the kernel the usage might depend on whatever conditions, I think we
should either teach lockdep that this is guaranteed to be a different
workqueue, or perhaps we should just have a "free empty workqueue"
function. I tend to prefer the former as it's more general, so I'd
propose this (combined) patch:

diff --git a/fs/direct-io.c b/fs/direct-io.c
index 093fb54cd316..9ef33d6cba56 100644
--- a/fs/direct-io.c
+++ b/fs/direct-io.c
@@ -629,9 +629,16 @@ int sb_init_dio_done_wq(struct super_block *sb)
* This has to be atomic as more DIOs can race to create the workqueue
*/
old = cmpxchg(&sb->s_dio_done_wq, NULL, wq);
- /* Someone created workqueue before us? Free ours... */
+ /*
+ * Someone created workqueue before us? Free ours...
+ * Note the _nested(), that pushes down to the (in this case actually
+ * pointless) flush_workqueue() happening inside, since this function
+ * might be called in contexts that hold the same locks that an fs may
+ * take while being called from dio_aio_complete_work() from another
+ * instance of the workqueue we allocate here.
+ */
if (old)
- destroy_workqueue(wq);
+ destroy_workqueue_nested(wq, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
return 0;
}

diff --git a/include/linux/workqueue.h b/include/linux/workqueue.h
index 60d673e15632..0b36a7df61d4 100644
--- a/include/linux/workqueue.h
+++ b/include/linux/workqueue.h
@@ -453,7 +453,12 @@ __alloc_workqueue_key(const char *fmt, unsigned int flags, int max_active,
#define create_singlethread_workqueue(name) \
alloc_ordered_workqueue("%s", __WQ_LEGACY | WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, name)

-extern void destroy_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq);
+extern void destroy_workqueue_nested(struct workqueue_struct *wq, int subclass);
+
+static inline void destroy_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
+{
+ destroy_workqueue_nested(wq, 0);
+}

struct workqueue_attrs *alloc_workqueue_attrs(gfp_t gfp_mask);
void free_workqueue_attrs(struct workqueue_attrs *attrs);
@@ -469,8 +474,18 @@ extern bool mod_delayed_work_on(int cpu, struct workqueue_struct *wq,
struct delayed_work *dwork, unsigned long delay);
extern bool queue_rcu_work(struct workqueue_struct *wq, struct rcu_work *rwork);

-extern void flush_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq);
-extern void drain_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq);
+extern void flush_workqueue_nested(struct workqueue_struct *wq, int subclass);
+extern void drain_workqueue_nested(struct workqueue_struct *wq, int subclass);
+
+static inline void flush_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
+{
+ flush_workqueue_nested(wq, 0);
+}
+
+static inline void drain_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
+{
+ drain_workqueue_nested(wq, 0);
+}

extern int schedule_on_each_cpu(work_func_t func);

diff --git a/kernel/workqueue.c b/kernel/workqueue.c
index 0280deac392e..6b00e062af96 100644
--- a/kernel/workqueue.c
+++ b/kernel/workqueue.c
@@ -2634,13 +2634,14 @@ static bool flush_workqueue_prep_pwqs(struct workqueue_struct *wq,
}

/**
- * flush_workqueue - ensure that any scheduled work has run to completion.
+ * flush_workqueue_nested - ensure that any scheduled work has run to completion.
* @wq: workqueue to flush
+ * @subclass: subclass for lockdep
*
* This function sleeps until all work items which were queued on entry
* have finished execution, but it is not livelocked by new incoming ones.
*/
-void flush_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
+void flush_workqueue_nested(struct workqueue_struct *wq, int subclass)
{
struct wq_flusher this_flusher = {
.list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(this_flusher.list),
@@ -2652,7 +2653,7 @@ void flush_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
if (WARN_ON(!wq_online))
return;

- lock_map_acquire(&wq->lockdep_map);
+ lock_acquire_exclusive(&wq->lockdep_map, subclass, 0, NULL, _THIS_IP_);
lock_map_release(&wq->lockdep_map);

mutex_lock(&wq->mutex);
@@ -2789,11 +2790,12 @@ void flush_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
out_unlock:
mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(flush_workqueue);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(flush_workqueue_nested);

/**
- * drain_workqueue - drain a workqueue
+ * drain_workqueue_nested - drain a workqueue
* @wq: workqueue to drain
+ * @subclass: lockdep subclass
*
* Wait until the workqueue becomes empty. While draining is in progress,
* only chain queueing is allowed. IOW, only currently pending or running
@@ -2802,7 +2804,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(flush_workqueue);
* by the depth of chaining and should be relatively short. Whine if it
* takes too long.
*/
-void drain_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
+void drain_workqueue_nested(struct workqueue_struct *wq, int subclass)
{
unsigned int flush_cnt = 0;
struct pool_workqueue *pwq;
@@ -2817,7 +2819,7 @@ void drain_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
wq->flags |= __WQ_DRAINING;
mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
reflush:
- flush_workqueue(wq);
+ flush_workqueue_nested(wq, subclass);

mutex_lock(&wq->mutex);

@@ -2844,7 +2846,7 @@ void drain_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
wq->flags &= ~__WQ_DRAINING;
mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(drain_workqueue);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(drain_workqueue_nested);

static bool start_flush_work(struct work_struct *work, struct wq_barrier *barr,
bool from_cancel)
@@ -4141,18 +4143,19 @@ struct workqueue_struct *__alloc_workqueue_key(const char *fmt,
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__alloc_workqueue_key);

/**
- * destroy_workqueue - safely terminate a workqueue
+ * destroy_workqueue_nested - safely terminate a workqueue
* @wq: target workqueue
+ * @subclass: lockdep subclass
*
* Safely destroy a workqueue. All work currently pending will be done first.
*/
-void destroy_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
+void destroy_workqueue_nested(struct workqueue_struct *wq, int subclass)
{
struct pool_workqueue *pwq;
int node;

/* drain it before proceeding with destruction */
- drain_workqueue(wq);
+ drain_workqueue_nested(wq, subclass);

/* sanity checks */
mutex_lock(&wq->mutex);
@@ -4217,7 +4220,7 @@ void destroy_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
put_pwq_unlocked(pwq);
}
}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(destroy_workqueue);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(destroy_workqueue_nested);

/**
* workqueue_set_max_active - adjust max_active of a workqueue

We could avoid the useless subclass argument in the non-lockdep case
with some macro trickery, but for now I haven't done that.

johannes

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