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    Subject[PATCHv5 17/17] pps: add parallel port PPS signal generator
    Date
    Add PPS signal generator which utilizes STROBE pin of a parallel port to
    send PPS signals. It uses parport abstraction layer and hrtimers to
    precisely control the signal.

    Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <lasaine@lvk.cs.msu.su>
    ---
    Documentation/pps/pps.txt | 46 +++++
    drivers/pps/Kconfig | 2 +
    drivers/pps/Makefile | 2 +-
    drivers/pps/generators/Kconfig | 17 ++
    drivers/pps/generators/Makefile | 9 +
    drivers/pps/generators/pps_gen_parport.c | 275 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    6 files changed, 350 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
    create mode 100644 drivers/pps/generators/Kconfig
    create mode 100644 drivers/pps/generators/Makefile
    create mode 100644 drivers/pps/generators/pps_gen_parport.c

    diff --git a/Documentation/pps/pps.txt b/Documentation/pps/pps.txt
    index 125f4ab..d35dcdd 100644
    --- a/Documentation/pps/pps.txt
    +++ b/Documentation/pps/pps.txt
    @@ -170,3 +170,49 @@ and the run ppstest as follow:

    Please, note that to compile userland programs you need the file timepps.h
    (see Documentation/pps/).
    +
    +
    +Generators
    +----------
    +
    +Sometimes one needs to be able not only to catch PPS signals but to produce
    +them also. For example, running a distributed simulation, which requires
    +computers' clock to be synchronized very tightly. One way to do this is to
    +invent some complicated hardware solutions but it may be neither necessary
    +nor affordable. The cheap way is to load a PPS generator on one of the
    +computers (master) and PPS clients on others (slaves), and use very simple
    +cables to deliver signals using parallel ports, for example.
    +
    +Parallel port cable pinout:
    +pin name master slave
    +1 STROBE *------ *
    +2 D0 * | *
    +3 D1 * | *
    +4 D2 * | *
    +5 D3 * | *
    +6 D4 * | *
    +7 D5 * | *
    +8 D6 * | *
    +9 D7 * | *
    +10 ACK * ------*
    +11 BUSY * *
    +12 PE * *
    +13 SEL * *
    +14 AUTOFD * *
    +15 ERROR * *
    +16 INIT * *
    +17 SELIN * *
    +18-25 GND *-----------*
    +
    +Please note that parallel port interrupt occurs only on high->low transition,
    +so it is used for PPS assert edge. PPS clear edge can be determined only
    +using polling in the interrupt handler which actually can be done way more
    +precisely because interrupt handling delays can be quite big and random. So
    +current parport PPS generator implementation (pps_gen_parport module) is
    +geared towards using the clear edge for time synchronization.
    +
    +Clear edge polling is done with disabled interrupts so it's better to select
    +delay between assert and clear edge as small as possible to reduce system
    +latencies. But if it is too small slave won't be able to capture clear edge
    +transition. The default of 30us should be good enough in most situations.
    +The delay can be selected using 'delay' pps_gen_parport module parameter.
    diff --git a/drivers/pps/Kconfig b/drivers/pps/Kconfig
    index 4823e47..79bda60 100644
    --- a/drivers/pps/Kconfig
    +++ b/drivers/pps/Kconfig
    @@ -40,4 +40,6 @@ config NTP_PPS

    source drivers/pps/clients/Kconfig

    +source drivers/pps/generators/Kconfig
    +
    endmenu
    diff --git a/drivers/pps/Makefile b/drivers/pps/Makefile
    index 98960dd..1906eb70 100644
    --- a/drivers/pps/Makefile
    +++ b/drivers/pps/Makefile
    @@ -4,6 +4,6 @@

    pps_core-y := pps.o kapi.o sysfs.o
    obj-$(CONFIG_PPS) := pps_core.o
    -obj-y += clients/
    +obj-y += clients/ generators/

    ccflags-$(CONFIG_PPS_DEBUG) := -DDEBUG
    diff --git a/drivers/pps/generators/Kconfig b/drivers/pps/generators/Kconfig
    new file mode 100644
    index 0000000..5fbd614
    --- /dev/null
    +++ b/drivers/pps/generators/Kconfig
    @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
    +#
    +# PPS generators configuration
    +#
    +
    +if PPS
    +
    +comment "PPS generators support"
    +
    +config PPS_GENERATOR_PARPORT
    + tristate "Parallel port PPS signal generator"
    + depends on PARPORT != n && GENERIC_TIME
    + help
    + If you say yes here you get support for a PPS signal generator which
    + utilizes STROBE pin of a parallel port to send PPS signals. It uses
    + parport abstraction layer and hrtimers to precisely control the signal.
    +
    +endif
    diff --git a/drivers/pps/generators/Makefile b/drivers/pps/generators/Makefile
    new file mode 100644
    index 0000000..303304a
    --- /dev/null
    +++ b/drivers/pps/generators/Makefile
    @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
    +#
    +# Makefile for PPS generators.
    +#
    +
    +obj-$(CONFIG_PPS_GENERATOR_PARPORT) += pps_gen_parport.o
    +
    +ifeq ($(CONFIG_PPS_DEBUG),y)
    +EXTRA_CFLAGS += -DDEBUG
    +endif
    diff --git a/drivers/pps/generators/pps_gen_parport.c b/drivers/pps/generators/pps_gen_parport.c
    new file mode 100644
    index 0000000..aa66803
    --- /dev/null
    +++ b/drivers/pps/generators/pps_gen_parport.c
    @@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
    +/*
    + * pps_gen_parport.c -- kernel parallel port PPS signal generator
    + *
    + *
    + * Copyright (C) 2009 Alexander Gordeev <lasaine@lvk.cs.msu.su>
    + *
    + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    + * (at your option) any later version.
    + *
    + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
    + * GNU General Public License for more details.
    + *
    + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    + * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
    + */
    +
    +
    +/*
    + * TODO:
    + * fix issues when realtime clock is adjusted in a leap
    + */
    +
    +#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
    +
    +#include <linux/kernel.h>
    +#include <linux/module.h>
    +#include <linux/init.h>
    +#include <linux/time.h>
    +#include <linux/hrtimer.h>
    +#include <linux/parport.h>
    +
    +#define DRVDESC "parallel port PPS signal generator"
    +
    +#define SIGNAL 0
    +#define NO_SIGNAL PARPORT_CONTROL_STROBE
    +
    +/* module parameters */
    +
    +#define SEND_DELAY_MAX 100000
    +
    +static unsigned int send_delay = 30000;
    +MODULE_PARM_DESC(delay,
    + "Delay between setting and dropping the signal (ns)");
    +module_param_named(delay, send_delay, uint, 0);
    +
    +
    +#define SAFETY_INTERVAL 3000 /* set the hrtimer earlier for safety (ns) */
    +
    +/* internal per port structure */
    +struct pps_generator_pp {
    + struct pardevice *pardev; /* parport device */
    + struct hrtimer timer;
    + long port_write_time; /* calibrated port write time (ns) */
    +};
    +
    +static struct pps_generator_pp device = {
    + .pardev = NULL,
    +};
    +
    +static int attached;
    +
    +/* calibrated time between a hrtimer event and the reaction */
    +static long hrtimer_error = SAFETY_INTERVAL;
    +
    +/* the kernel hrtimer event */
    +static enum hrtimer_restart hrtimer_event(struct hrtimer *timer)
    +{
    + struct timespec expire_time, ts1, ts2, ts3, dts;
    + struct pps_generator_pp *dev;
    + struct parport *port;
    + long lim, delta;
    + unsigned long flags;
    +
    + /* NB: approx time with blocked interrupts =
    + send_delay + 3 * SAFETY_INTERVAL */
    + local_irq_save(flags);
    +
    + /* first of all we get the time stamp... */
    + getnstimeofday(&ts1);
    + expire_time = ktime_to_timespec(timer->_expires);
    + dev = container_of(timer, struct pps_generator_pp, timer);
    + lim = NSEC_PER_SEC - send_delay - dev->port_write_time;
    +
    + /* check if we are late */
    + if (expire_time.tv_sec != ts1.tv_sec || ts1.tv_nsec > lim) {
    + local_irq_restore(flags);
    + pr_err("we are late this time %ld.%09ld\n",
    + ts1.tv_sec, ts1.tv_nsec);
    + goto done;
    + }
    +
    + /* busy loop until the time is right for an assert edge */
    + do {
    + getnstimeofday(&ts2);
    + } while (expire_time.tv_sec == ts2.tv_sec && ts2.tv_nsec < lim);
    +
    + /* set the signal */
    + port = dev->pardev->port;
    + port->ops->write_control(port, SIGNAL);
    +
    + /* busy loop until the time is right for a clear edge */
    + lim = NSEC_PER_SEC - dev->port_write_time;
    + do {
    + getnstimeofday(&ts2);
    + } while (expire_time.tv_sec == ts2.tv_sec && ts2.tv_nsec < lim);
    +
    + /* unset the signal */
    + port->ops->write_control(port, NO_SIGNAL);
    +
    + getnstimeofday(&ts3);
    +
    + local_irq_restore(flags);
    +
    + /* update calibrated port write time */
    + dts = timespec_sub(ts3, ts2);
    + dev->port_write_time =
    + (dev->port_write_time + timespec_to_ns(&dts)) >> 1;
    +
    +done:
    + /* update calibrated hrtimer error */
    + dts = timespec_sub(ts1, expire_time);
    + delta = timespec_to_ns(&dts);
    + /* If the new error value is bigger then the old, use the new
    + * value, if not then slowly move towards the new value. This
    + * way it should be safe in bad conditions and efficient in
    + * good conditions.
    + */
    + if (delta >= hrtimer_error)
    + hrtimer_error = delta;
    + else
    + hrtimer_error = (3 * hrtimer_error + delta) >> 2;
    +
    + /* update the hrtimer expire time */
    + hrtimer_set_expires(timer,
    + ktime_set(expire_time.tv_sec + 1,
    + NSEC_PER_SEC - (send_delay +
    + dev->port_write_time + SAFETY_INTERVAL +
    + 2 * hrtimer_error)));
    +
    + return HRTIMER_RESTART;
    +}
    +
    +/* calibrate port write time */
    +#define PORT_NTESTS_SHIFT 5
    +static void calibrate_port(struct pps_generator_pp *dev)
    +{
    + struct parport *port = dev->pardev->port;
    + int i;
    + long acc = 0;
    +
    + for (i = 0; i < (1 << PORT_NTESTS_SHIFT); i++) {
    + struct timespec a, b;
    + unsigned long irq_flags;
    +
    + local_irq_save(irq_flags);
    + getnstimeofday(&a);
    + port->ops->write_control(port, NO_SIGNAL);
    + getnstimeofday(&b);
    + local_irq_restore(irq_flags);
    +
    + b = timespec_sub(b, a);
    + acc += timespec_to_ns(&b);
    + }
    +
    + dev->port_write_time = acc >> PORT_NTESTS_SHIFT;
    + pr_info("port write takes %ldns\n", dev->port_write_time);
    +}
    +
    +static inline ktime_t next_intr_time(struct pps_generator_pp *dev)
    +{
    + struct timespec ts;
    +
    + getnstimeofday(&ts);
    +
    + return ktime_set(ts.tv_sec +
    + ((ts.tv_nsec > 990 * NSEC_PER_MSEC) ? 1 : 0),
    + NSEC_PER_SEC - (send_delay +
    + dev->port_write_time + 3 * SAFETY_INTERVAL));
    +}
    +
    +static void parport_attach(struct parport *port)
    +{
    + if (attached) {
    + /* we already have a port */
    + return;
    + }
    +
    + device.pardev = parport_register_device(port, KBUILD_MODNAME,
    + NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, &device);
    + if (!device.pardev) {
    + pr_err("couldn't register with %s\n", port->name);
    + return;
    + }
    +
    + if (parport_claim_or_block(device.pardev) < 0) {
    + pr_err("couldn't claim %s\n", port->name);
    + goto err_unregister_dev;
    + }
    +
    + pr_info("attached to %s\n", port->name);
    + attached = 1;
    +
    + calibrate_port(&device);
    +
    + hrtimer_init(&device.timer, CLOCK_REALTIME, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
    + device.timer.function = hrtimer_event;
    +#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
    + /* hrtimer interrupt will run in the interrupt context with this */
    + device.timer.irqsafe = 1;
    +#endif
    +
    + hrtimer_start(&device.timer, next_intr_time(&device), HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
    +
    + return;
    +
    +err_unregister_dev:
    + parport_unregister_device(device.pardev);
    +}
    +
    +static void parport_detach(struct parport *port)
    +{
    + if (port->cad != device.pardev)
    + return; /* not our port */
    +
    + hrtimer_cancel(&device.timer);
    + parport_release(device.pardev);
    + parport_unregister_device(device.pardev);
    +}
    +
    +static struct parport_driver pps_gen_parport_driver = {
    + .name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
    + .attach = parport_attach,
    + .detach = parport_detach,
    +};
    +
    +/* module staff */
    +
    +static int __init pps_gen_parport_init(void)
    +{
    + int ret;
    +
    + pr_info(DRVDESC "\n");
    +
    + if (send_delay > SEND_DELAY_MAX) {
    + pr_err("delay value should be not greater"
    + " then %d\n", SEND_DELAY_MAX);
    + return -EINVAL;
    + }
    +
    + ret = parport_register_driver(&pps_gen_parport_driver);
    + if (ret) {
    + pr_err("unable to register with parport\n");
    + return ret;
    + }
    +
    + return 0;
    +}
    +
    +static void __exit pps_gen_parport_exit(void)
    +{
    + parport_unregister_driver(&pps_gen_parport_driver);
    + pr_info("hrtimer avg error is %ldns\n", hrtimer_error);
    +}
    +
    +module_init(pps_gen_parport_init);
    +module_exit(pps_gen_parport_exit);
    +
    +MODULE_AUTHOR("Alexander Gordeev <lasaine@lvk.cs.msu.su>");
    +MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRVDESC);
    +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
    --
    1.7.2.3


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