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SubjectRe: [PATCH] block/elevator updates + deadline i/o scheduler
On Thu, Aug 01 2002, Bill Davidsen wrote:
> On Thu, 1 Aug 2002, Jens Axboe wrote:
>
> > On Tue, Jul 30 2002, Bill Davidsen wrote:
>
> > > Now a request, if someone is running a database app and tests this I'd
> > > love to see the results. I expect things like LMbench to show more threads
> > > ending at the same time, but will it help a reall app?
> >
> > Note that the deadline i/o scheduler only considers deadlines on
> > individual requests so far, so there's no real guarentee that process X,
> > Y, and Z will receive equal share of the bandwidth. This is something
> > I'm thinking about, though.
>
> I'm not sure that equal bandwidth and deadline are compatible, some
> processes may need more bandwidth to meet deadlines. I'm not unhappy about
> that, it's the reads waiting in a flood of write or vice-versa that
> occasionally make an app really rot.

Correct, that's _exactly_ the case that made me attempt this type of io
scheduler. The current scheduler does well wrt optimizing for
throughput.

> > My testing does seem to indicate that the deadline scheduler is fairer
> > than the linus scheduler, but ymmv.
> >
> > > I bet it was tested briefly on IDE, my last use of IDE a week or so ago
> > > lasted until I did "make dep" and the output went all over every attached
> > > drive :-( Still, nice to know it will work if IDE makes it into 2.5.
> >
> > :/
> >
> > I'll say that 2.5.29 IDE did work fine for the testing I did with the
> > deadline scheduler, at least it survived a dbench 64 (that's about the
> > testing it got).
>
> Hum, looks as if I should plan to retest with 29 and the deadline patches.
> My personal test is a program doing one read/sec while making CD images
> (mkisofs) on a machine with large memory. It tends to build the whole
> 700MB in memory and then bdflush decides it should be written and the read
> latency totally goes to hell. I will say most of this can be tuned out at
> some small cost to total performance (thanks Andrea).

You are most welcome to test of course, I would very much like you to do
just that. 2.5.30 is out now and has the elv-queue* patch included which
included the necessary base changes for applying deadline-iosched, so
it's even easier now. I've attached the latest deadline-iosched-8 for
you.

--
Jens Axboe

diff -urN -X /home/axboe/cdrom/exclude /opt/kernel/linux-2.5.30/drivers/block/deadline-iosched.c linux/drivers/block/deadline-iosched.c
--- /opt/kernel/linux-2.5.30/drivers/block/deadline-iosched.c 1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100
+++ linux/drivers/block/deadline-iosched.c 2002-07-31 12:56:33.000000000 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+/*
+ * linux/drivers/block/deadline-iosched.c
+ *
+ * Deadline i/o scheduler.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2002 Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
+ */
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/elevator.h>
+#include <linux/bio.h>
+#include <linux/blk.h>
+#include <linux/config.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/compiler.h>
+#include <linux/hash.h>
+
+/*
+ * feel free to try other values :-). *_expire values are the timeouts
+ * for reads and writes, our goal is to start a request "around" the time
+ * when it expires. fifo_batch is how many steps along the sorted list we
+ * will take when the front fifo request expires.
+ */
+static int read_expire = HZ;
+static int write_expire = 10 * HZ;
+static int fifo_batch = 80;
+static int seek_cost = 20;
+
+static const int deadline_hash_shift = 8;
+#define DL_HASH_BLOCK(sec) ((sec) >> 3)
+#define DL_HASH_FN(sec) (hash_long(DL_HASH_BLOCK((sec)), deadline_hash_shift))
+#define DL_HASH_ENTRIES (1 << deadline_hash_shift)
+
+#define DL_INVALIDATE_HASH(dd) \
+ do { \
+ if (!++(dd)->hash_valid_count) \
+ (dd)->hash_valid_count = 1; \
+ } while (0)
+
+struct deadline_data {
+ struct list_head sort_list; /* sorted listed */
+ struct list_head fifo_list[2]; /* fifo list */
+ struct list_head *dispatch; /* driver dispatch queue */
+ struct list_head *hash; /* request hash */
+ sector_t last_sector; /* last sector sent to drive */
+ unsigned long hash_valid_count; /* barrier hash count */
+ int fifo_check; /* check this fifo list first */
+
+ /*
+ * settings that change how the i/o scheduler behaves
+ */
+ unsigned int fifo_batch;
+ unsigned long fifo_expire[2];
+ unsigned int seek_cost;
+};
+
+struct deadline_rq {
+ struct list_head fifo;
+ struct list_head hash;
+ unsigned long hash_valid_count;
+ struct request *request;
+ unsigned long expires;
+};
+
+static kmem_cache_t *drq_pool;
+
+#define RQ_DATA(rq) ((struct deadline_rq *) (rq)->elevator_private)
+
+static inline void
+deadline_move_to_dispatch(struct deadline_data *dd, struct request *rq)
+{
+ struct deadline_rq *drq = RQ_DATA(rq);
+
+ list_move_tail(&rq->queuelist, dd->dispatch);
+ list_del_init(&drq->fifo);
+}
+
+static inline void __deadline_del_rq_hash(struct deadline_rq *drq)
+{
+ drq->hash_valid_count = 0;
+ list_del_init(&drq->hash);
+}
+
+#define ON_HASH(drq) (drq)->hash_valid_count
+static inline void deadline_del_rq_hash(struct deadline_rq *drq)
+{
+ if (ON_HASH(drq))
+ __deadline_del_rq_hash(drq);
+}
+
+static inline void
+deadline_add_rq_hash(struct deadline_data *dd, struct deadline_rq *drq)
+{
+ struct request *rq = drq->request;
+
+ BUG_ON(ON_HASH(drq));
+
+ drq->hash_valid_count = dd->hash_valid_count;
+ list_add(&drq->hash, &dd->hash[DL_HASH_FN(rq->sector +rq->nr_sectors)]);
+}
+
+#define list_entry_hash(ptr) list_entry((ptr), struct deadline_rq, hash)
+static struct request *
+deadline_find_hash(struct deadline_data *dd, sector_t offset)
+{
+ struct list_head *hash_list = &dd->hash[DL_HASH_FN(offset)];
+ struct list_head *entry, *next = hash_list->next;
+ struct deadline_rq *drq;
+ struct request *rq = NULL;
+
+ while ((entry = next) != hash_list) {
+ next = entry->next;
+ drq = list_entry_hash(entry);
+
+ BUG_ON(!drq->hash_valid_count);
+
+ if (!rq_mergeable(drq->request)
+ || drq->hash_valid_count != dd->hash_valid_count) {
+ __deadline_del_rq_hash(drq);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (drq->request->sector + drq->request->nr_sectors == offset) {
+ rq = drq->request;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return rq;
+}
+
+static int
+deadline_merge(request_queue_t *q, struct request **req, struct bio *bio)
+{
+ struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator.elevator_data;
+ struct list_head *entry = &dd->sort_list;
+ struct request *__rq;
+ int ret = ELEVATOR_NO_MERGE;
+
+ /*
+ * try last_merge to avoid going to hash
+ */
+ if ((ret = elv_try_last_merge(q, req, bio)))
+ goto out;
+
+ /*
+ * see if the merge hash can satisfy a back merge
+ */
+ if ((__rq = deadline_find_hash(dd, bio->bi_sector))) {
+ BUG_ON(__rq->sector + __rq->nr_sectors != bio->bi_sector);
+
+ if (elv_rq_merge_ok(__rq, bio)) {
+ *req = __rq;
+ q->last_merge = &__rq->queuelist;
+ ret = ELEVATOR_BACK_MERGE;
+ goto out;
+ }
+ }
+
+ while ((entry = entry->prev) != &dd->sort_list) {
+ __rq = list_entry_rq(entry);
+
+ BUG_ON(__rq->flags & REQ_STARTED);
+ BUG_ON(__rq->flags & REQ_BARRIER);
+
+ if (!(__rq->flags & REQ_CMD))
+ continue;
+
+ if (!*req && bio_rq_in_between(bio, __rq, &dd->sort_list))
+ *req = __rq;
+
+ if (__rq->sector - bio_sectors(bio) == bio->bi_sector) {
+ if ((ret = elv_try_merge(__rq, bio))) {
+ *req = __rq;
+ q->last_merge = &__rq->queuelist;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+out:
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static void
+deadline_merge_cleanup(request_queue_t *q, struct request *req, int count)
+{
+ struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator.elevator_data;
+ struct deadline_rq *drq = RQ_DATA(req);
+
+ deadline_del_rq_hash(drq);
+ deadline_add_rq_hash(dd, drq);
+}
+
+#define ON_FIFO(drq) !list_empty(&(drq)->fifo)
+static void
+deadline_merge_request(request_queue_t *q, struct request *req, struct request *next)
+{
+ struct deadline_rq *drq = RQ_DATA(req);
+ struct deadline_rq *dnext = RQ_DATA(next);
+
+ BUG_ON(!drq);
+ BUG_ON(!dnext);
+
+ deadline_merge_cleanup(q, req, 0);
+
+ /*
+ * if dnext expires before drq, assign it's expire time to drq
+ * and move into dnext position (dnext will be deleted) in fifo
+ */
+ if (ON_FIFO(drq) && ON_FIFO(dnext)) {
+ if (time_before(dnext->expires, drq->expires)) {
+ list_move(&drq->fifo, &dnext->fifo);
+ drq->expires = dnext->expires;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+#define list_entry_fifo(ptr) list_entry((ptr), struct deadline_rq, fifo)
+static int
+deadline_check_fifo(struct deadline_data *dd, struct list_head *fifo_list)
+{
+ struct deadline_rq *drq;
+ struct request *rq;
+ sector_t last_sec;
+ int batch_count;
+
+ if (list_empty(fifo_list))
+ return 0;
+
+ drq = list_entry_fifo(fifo_list->next);
+ if (time_before(jiffies, drq->expires))
+ return 0;
+
+ rq = drq->request;
+ batch_count = dd->fifo_batch;
+ last_sec = dd->last_sector;
+ do {
+ struct list_head *nxt = rq->queuelist.next;
+
+ /*
+ * take it off the sort and fifo list, move
+ * to dispatch queue
+ */
+ deadline_move_to_dispatch(dd, rq);
+
+ if (rq->sector == last_sec)
+ batch_count--;
+ else
+ batch_count -= dd->seek_cost;
+
+ if (nxt == &dd->sort_list)
+ break;
+
+ last_sec = rq->sector + rq->nr_sectors;
+ rq = list_entry_rq(nxt);
+ } while (batch_count > 0);
+
+ /*
+ * should be entries there now, at least 1
+ */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static inline int deadline_check_fifos(struct deadline_data *dd)
+{
+ /*
+ * check current list, flip if entries were moved
+ */
+ if (deadline_check_fifo(dd, &dd->fifo_list[dd->fifo_check])) {
+ dd->fifo_check ^= 1;
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * check alternate list, leave current list if entries were moved
+ */
+ if (deadline_check_fifo(dd, &dd->fifo_list[dd->fifo_check ^ 1]))
+ return 1;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static struct request *deadline_next_request(request_queue_t *q)
+{
+ struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator.elevator_data;
+ struct request *rq;
+
+ /*
+ * if still requests on the dispatch queue, just grab the first one
+ */
+ if (!list_empty(&q->queue_head)) {
+dispatch:
+ rq = list_entry_rq(q->queue_head.next);
+ dd->last_sector = rq->sector + rq->nr_sectors;
+ return rq;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * decide whether to just grab first from sorted list, or move a
+ * batch from the expire list. if it has expired, move 'batch'
+ * entries to dispatch queue
+ */
+ if (deadline_check_fifos(dd))
+ goto dispatch;
+
+ if (!list_empty(&dd->sort_list)) {
+ deadline_move_to_dispatch(dd,list_entry_rq(dd->sort_list.next));
+ goto dispatch;
+ }
+
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+deadline_add_request(request_queue_t *q, struct request *rq, struct list_head *insert_here)
+{
+ struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator.elevator_data;
+ struct deadline_rq *drq;
+
+ /*
+ * insert barriers directly into the back of the dispatch queue,
+ * don't use the sorted or fifo list for those
+ */
+ if (unlikely(rq->flags & REQ_BARRIER)) {
+ DL_INVALIDATE_HASH(dd);
+ list_add_tail(&rq->queuelist, &q->queue_head);
+ q->last_merge = NULL;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * add to sort list
+ */
+ if (!insert_here)
+ insert_here = dd->sort_list.prev;
+
+ list_add(&rq->queuelist, insert_here);
+
+ if (unlikely(!(rq->flags & REQ_CMD)))
+ return;
+
+ /*
+ * set expire time and add to fifo list
+ */
+ drq = RQ_DATA(rq);
+ drq->expires = jiffies + dd->fifo_expire[rq_data_dir(rq)];
+ list_add_tail(&drq->fifo, &dd->fifo_list[rq_data_dir(rq)]);
+
+ if (rq_mergeable(rq))
+ deadline_add_rq_hash(dd, drq);
+
+ if (!q->last_merge)
+ q->last_merge = &rq->queuelist;
+}
+
+static void deadline_remove_request(request_queue_t *q, struct request *rq)
+{
+ struct deadline_rq *drq = RQ_DATA(rq);
+
+ if (drq) {
+ list_del_init(&drq->fifo);
+ deadline_del_rq_hash(drq);
+ }
+}
+
+static int deadline_queue_empty(request_queue_t *q)
+{
+ struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator.elevator_data;
+
+ if (!list_empty(&q->queue_head) || !list_empty(&dd->sort_list))
+ return 0;
+
+ BUG_ON(!list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[READ]));
+ BUG_ON(!list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static struct list_head *
+deadline_get_sort_head(request_queue_t *q, struct request *rq)
+{
+ struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator.elevator_data;
+
+ return &dd->sort_list;
+}
+
+static void deadline_exit(request_queue_t *q, elevator_t *e)
+{
+ struct deadline_data *dd = e->elevator_data;
+ struct deadline_rq *drq;
+ struct request *rq;
+ int i;
+
+ BUG_ON(!list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[READ]));
+ BUG_ON(!list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]));
+ BUG_ON(!list_empty(&dd->sort_list));
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+ struct request_list *rl = &q->rq[i];
+ struct list_head *entry = &rl->free;
+
+ if (list_empty(&rl->free))
+ continue;
+
+ while ((entry = entry->next) != &rl->free) {
+ rq = list_entry_rq(entry);
+
+ if ((drq = RQ_DATA(rq)) == NULL)
+ continue;
+
+ rq->elevator_private = NULL;
+ kmem_cache_free(drq_pool, drq);
+ }
+ }
+
+ kfree(dd->hash);
+ kfree(dd);
+}
+
+static int deadline_init(request_queue_t *q, elevator_t *e)
+{
+ struct deadline_data *dd;
+ struct deadline_rq *drq;
+ struct request *rq;
+ int i, ret = 0;
+
+ if (!drq_pool)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ dd = kmalloc(sizeof(*dd), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!dd)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ memset(dd, 0, sizeof(*dd));
+
+ dd->hash = kmalloc(sizeof(struct list_head)*DL_HASH_ENTRIES,GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!dd->hash) {
+ kfree(dd);
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < DL_HASH_ENTRIES; i++)
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dd->hash[i]);
+
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dd->fifo_list[READ]);
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]);
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dd->sort_list);
+ dd->dispatch = &q->queue_head;
+ dd->fifo_batch = fifo_batch;
+ dd->fifo_expire[READ] = read_expire;
+ dd->fifo_expire[WRITE] = write_expire;
+ dd->seek_cost = seek_cost;
+ dd->hash_valid_count = 1;
+ dd->fifo_check = READ;
+ e->elevator_data = dd;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+ struct request_list *rl = &q->rq[i];
+ struct list_head *entry = &rl->free;
+
+ if (list_empty(&rl->free))
+ continue;
+
+ while ((entry = entry->next) != &rl->free) {
+ rq = list_entry_rq(entry);
+
+ drq = kmem_cache_alloc(drq_pool, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!drq) {
+ ret = -ENOMEM;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ memset(drq, 0, sizeof(*drq));
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&drq->fifo);
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&drq->hash);
+ drq->request = rq;
+ rq->elevator_private = drq;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (ret)
+ deadline_exit(q, e);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int __init deadline_slab_setup(void)
+{
+ drq_pool = kmem_cache_create("deadline_drq", sizeof(struct deadline_rq),
+ 0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN, NULL, NULL);
+
+ if (!drq_pool)
+ panic("deadline: can't init slab pool\n");
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+module_init(deadline_slab_setup);
+
+elevator_t iosched_deadline = {
+ .elevator_merge_fn = deadline_merge,
+ .elevator_merge_cleanup_fn = deadline_merge_cleanup,
+ .elevator_merge_req_fn = deadline_merge_request,
+ .elevator_next_req_fn = deadline_next_request,
+ .elevator_add_req_fn = deadline_add_request,
+ .elevator_remove_req_fn = deadline_remove_request,
+ .elevator_queue_empty_fn = deadline_queue_empty,
+ .elevator_get_sort_head_fn = deadline_get_sort_head,
+ .elevator_init_fn = deadline_init,
+ .elevator_exit_fn = deadline_exit,
+};
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(iosched_deadline);
diff -urN -X /home/axboe/cdrom/exclude /opt/kernel/linux-2.5.30/drivers/block/ll_rw_blk.c linux/drivers/block/ll_rw_blk.c
--- /opt/kernel/linux-2.5.30/drivers/block/ll_rw_blk.c 2002-08-01 23:16:07.000000000 +0200
+++ linux/drivers/block/ll_rw_blk.c 2002-08-02 09:21:44.000000000 +0200
@@ -1114,7 +1114,11 @@
if (blk_init_free_list(q))
return -ENOMEM;

+#if 1
+ if ((ret = elevator_init(q, &q->elevator, iosched_deadline))) {
+#else
if ((ret = elevator_init(q, &q->elevator, elevator_linus))) {
+#endif
blk_cleanup_queue(q);
return ret;
}
@@ -2071,8 +2075,8 @@
queue_nr_requests = (total_ram >> 8) & ~15; /* One per quarter-megabyte */
if (queue_nr_requests < 32)
queue_nr_requests = 32;
- if (queue_nr_requests > 256)
- queue_nr_requests = 256;
+ if (queue_nr_requests > 768)
+ queue_nr_requests = 768;

/*
* Batch frees according to queue length
diff -urN -X /home/axboe/cdrom/exclude /opt/kernel/linux-2.5.30/include/linux/elevator.h linux/include/linux/elevator.h
--- /opt/kernel/linux-2.5.30/include/linux/elevator.h 2002-08-01 23:16:03.000000000 +0200
+++ linux/include/linux/elevator.h 2002-07-30 09:15:00.000000000 +0200
@@ -63,6 +63,12 @@
#define elv_linus_sequence(rq) ((long)(rq)->elevator_private)

/*
+ * deadline i/o scheduler. uses request time outs to prevent indefinite
+ * starvation
+ */
+extern elevator_t iosched_deadline;
+
+/*
* use the /proc/iosched interface, all the below is history ->
*/
typedef struct blkelv_ioctl_arg_s {
\
 
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